Hand picking of larvae: Larvae of cutworm, leaf eating caterpillar are very sluggish, so they can be hand collected and destroyed easily.
 
Trenching the field: Pests like army worm, grasshoppers march from one field to other which can be prevented by trenching in field.

Study and utilization of natural enemies of insect like predators, parasites and pathogens by man to manage pest population below economic injury level is called biological control of insect pest.

Chemical measures are the most common method of pest management. Hence their judicious use is advocated which includes avoiding prophylactic sprays, adopting strip treatment, spot application to only those areas with heavy incidence of pests, applying to the soil to avoid direct contact with natural enemies and using selective or non-persistent pesticides. In vegetables skip row treatment with pesticides is given. Safer pesticides have been identified for use inconjunction with natural enemies-among chlorinated hydrocarbons, endosulfan, among organophosphates- phosalone, monocrotophos, oxydemeton methyl and dichlorvos and among carbamates, carbaryl, have been found to be relatively safer to many commonly used natural enemies.
 

Indian farmers used a variety of plant products and extracts for pest control. The most commonly used botanicals are neem (Azadirachta indica), pongamia (Pongamia glabra) and manhua (Madhuca indica). Neem seed kernel extract (2 to 5%) has been found effective against several pests including cutworm, plant hopper, leafhoppers, tobacco caterpillar, several species of aphids and mites. Mahua seed kernel extract (5%) is effective against sawfly (Athalia lugnes proxima) and others. Root extracts of Targets or Asparagus work as a nematicide for plant parasitic nematodes. Similarly, leaft extracts of many higher plants can inhibit a number of fungal pathogens.

Neem seed extract was used for management of root-knot nematode in tomato.
 

Biologically intensive IPM or biointensive IPM (BIPM) is only a variation of the basic theme of IPM and relies on host-plant resistance, biological control and cultural control and use of biorational pesticides, which can be integrated with these.

Biological suppression of crop pest - tomato: For the control of tomato fruit borer, T. brasilience or T. pretisoum or T.chilonis (strain BioH₁) are released 6 times at 50,000 per hectare starting the first release 30 days after transplanting.
 

STEPS

Use practices that contribute to crop protection for the long term. These include: Biological controls. Crop rotation; breaks pest life cycles, often improves tilth and fertility. Host plant resistance; Use varieties that are resistant to common pest species. Sanitation; Remove or destroy debris and other sources of pest infestation. Site selection; Plant only on sites suited to the crop needs Collect valuable information in time to use it in making good decisions. Which of the expected pests are in your field? Know both "what" and "how many" by properly sampling the field. Use recommended guide techniques to accurately and efficiently collect this information.
 

Analysis of information about pests indicates what pests you have, and how many of each. Now you must decide whether these pests should be controlled. Compare the sample count of pests you find on the crop to the "economic threshold" or "action threshold" to determine if control is necessary. Crops can tolerate a certain number of pests before economic loss is incurred because all control actions have costs as well as benefits. Determine whether the benefits derived from control.