Proper
crop rotation:-Crop rotation are effective in controlling crop associated and crop bound
weeds such as wild oat and dodder.
Use of
crops which smother weeds through there growth (crop competition ) (a) Crop (b) Variety.
The
competitive crops germinate quickly and compit with weeds for water,space, light and
mineral nutrients. Thickly planted fast growing small grains offer considerable
competition to weeds. Cowpeas, Lucerne, Berseem, other clover, millets, sudangrass, barley
are common smother crops.
Fertilizer
management :- Application of fertilizers to encourage quick growth of crops as compare to
weeds . To make fertilizers available chiefly to the crops, they should be therefore
banded or side dressed.Inoculation of legume crop seed with suitable nitrogen fixing
bacteria,foliar application of fertilizer to wide row crops like maize, sugarcane cotton
etc. accounts to selective stimulation.
Proper
rate and date of seeding:- To reduce weed population, the plant breeder has to evolve
quick growing and short duration varieties of crop plants and the agronomist has to work
out the proper seed rate, depth, time and method of sowing.
Mulching:-In
order to control weed , mulching is an effective measure. Wheat straws, rice husks,or
plastic paper may be used for mulching purpose.
Planting
density:- In order to reduce weed infestation , crops must be planted at optimum planting
density. The plant should not be planted too close, otherwise crop competition will occur
resulting in less yield. Disease and insect infestation is favoured by close row spacing.
Water
management:-Flood kills weeds by excluding air from their environment. Flooding is common
crop husbandry method of controlling young terrestrial weeds in rice fields the world
over.
