Plant pesticides to control rice pests

To minimise the pest population to a level below those causing economic injury to the rice, plant pesticides are utilised in Biointensive Integrated Pest Management (BIPM). The use of plant origin pesticides is safer not only to users but also to the environment in general. These plant products are safe to non-target organisms and are safe to non-target organisms and are biodegradable in nature. As many as 2121 plant products have been reported to possess pest control properties in various crop plants. This ensures a non-polluted environment. Neem, karanj, impomea, notchi (nirgandi), palmarosa and mahua play an important role in rice pest management.

The bioactivity of neem products was found to control more than 300 insect pests, nematodes and diseases. Ten per cent dried leaves either mixed with paddy grain or smearing neem leaf paste on the inner side of the storage bin controls storage pests of paddy grain. The spray of neem seed kernel extract 5 per cent can control brown plant hopper, leaffolder, leaf thrips, and silvershoot in rice crop.

Neem oil emulsion 3 per cent spray controls brown plant hopper, stemborer, leaf thrips, black bug and sheath rot in rice. By application of neem cake @ 100kg/ac, stemborer in rice can be controlled. Application of neem cake (10kg) blended urea (50kg/ha) to rice fields reduces nitrogen loss and controls sheath blight, brown leafspot and insect pests of rice. Karanj oil emulsion 3 per cent spray controls brown plant hopper and White backed plant hopper in rice.

Spray of Ipomea exact at 5 per cent controls brown plant hopper and White backed plant hopper in rice. Spraying of 5 per cent NSKE 20 and 10 days before harvest of the rice crop, controls Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) and its carry over from field to storage. Palmarosa grass yields an essential oil. Oil emulsion of palmarosa oil @ 2 per cent spray controls leaffolder of rice. Mahua oil emulsion at 6 per cent spray is effective against brown plant hopper in rice.

Advantages of plant products

They are easily available, cheaper, safe in handling, toxin quickly dissipate pests do not develop resistance safe to pollinators, productive insects, bio-control agents, cattle, poultry and human beings.

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