Mango varieties in Konkan region

P.J.Kshirsagar’ A.A.Rane2, R.G.Wagh3
G.M.Waghmare
Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle(416 516)

Introduction:

Mango is the most popular fruit in India, and it is equally liked by both rich and poor. The foremost reason for this is that, it is the only fruit which has flavour of all the fruits. Area under this crop in the Konkan region is 1 lakh hectare out of which 0.23 lakh/ha area under only in Sindhudurg District and area and production in the district are 0.16 ha. Produced 0.50 lakh M.T that mean the average per ha production is 3.12 tonnes per ha. The area under Sindhudurg District is 22681 ha. Produce 16236 MT mango fruits. Mango is mainly cross pollinated as 65% of the perfect flowers are never `pollinated, indicating that wind is not an effective pollinating agent (Singh 1982) insect plays most important role in pollination (Singh 1996). It is found that more pollination and more fruit sets take place in orchards where the different mango varieties have been planted in several commercial cultivars in India. That is self-incompatibility occur in mango. (Narayan-Swamy et al 1988, Rao et.al.1984, Sharma and Singh 1970).

Methodology:

The important eight varieties of mango planted at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle, Dist. Sindhudurg were selected from the orchard including Konkan Ruchi. The age of the selected mango varieties is more than 20 years. While age of variety Sindhu is only eight years. The yield and expenditure data were collected and analyzed from ten trees of each variety from last four years i.e. 1996-1999. We surveyed the dealer, Co-operative agencies of local market in the study area to determine the purchase price of different mango cultivators from farmers.

Results and Discussion:

The comparative economic performance in terms of net return, cost benefit ratio, etc are shown in the table –1

Yield:

It is found that during the given period of time from study area, the variety Konkan Ruchi which is preferred for pickle purpose shows maximum yield of fruits 7100 kg/ha followed by variety Pairi ( 5431 kg/ha), Kesar(5225 kg/ha). Goa mankur (5068 kg/ha), Dudhpeda(4050 kg/ha), Alphonso (3982 kg/ha), Ratna (3000 kg/ha), and variety Sindhu (1900 kg/ha) of eight year of plants.

Prices:

In this study area per kilogram prices of mango varieties are decided as per their keeping qualities, sweetness and colour of the mango fruit consumption. The Alphonso mango fetches highest prices in the local market i.e. average price is Rs. 15/- per kg. And minimum for varieties like Kesar, Sindhu, Dudhpeda prices Rs. 10/kg. This is followed by Ratna Rs.9/kg. Goa mankur Rs. 8/kg and variety Pairi Rs. 6/kg.

The variety Alphonso valued maximum in terms of its total return i.e. Rs.59730/- per ha. The total returns in Alphonso are found higher as compared to other varieties due to its higher price. While the minimum per hectare total returns of Rs. 19,000/- is found in variety Sindhu. This is because of the cv.Sindhu has been released and the plants of this cultivar are young (8 years old plants.).

The total returns in other varieties is Rs. 52250, Rs. 40544 Rs. 40500, Rs. 35500, Rs. 32580 and Rs. 27000 in the varieties Kasar, Goa mankur, Dudhpeda, Konkan Ruchi, Pairi and Ratna respectively.

Cost of Cultivation:

It is observed from the table that per hectare total cost of cultivation was found maximum for variety Alphonso Rs. 42124.50 as compared to other varieties of mango due to its more care for its maintenance and costly cultural practices. In the studied varieties the minimum total cost of cultivation is found in the variety Sindhu i.e. Rs.14737.50 while in case of other varieties per hectare total cost of cultivation for variety Kesar is Rs.28055.50 which is followed by variety Goa Mankur Rs. 25770.77, Dudhpeda 23922.20, Konkan Ruchi Rs. 23758.55, Pairi Rs. 20456.30 and variety Ratna Rs. 18034.60.

Net Returns:

The variety Kesar having maximum net returns of Rs. 24194.50 per ha while it is found minimum in variety Sindhu i.e. Rs. 4265.50 In case of other varieties the per hectare net returns of Rs. 17605.50 in cv. Alphonso which is followed by Rs. 16577.80 in Dudhpeda, Rs. 14773.23 in Goa mankur, Rs. 12,129.70 in Pairi, Rs. 11741.45 in Konkan Ruchi and Rs. 8965.40 in cv.Ratna.

Benefit Cost Ratio:

The benefit cost ratio are found maximum in variety Kesar i.e. 1.86 while observe minimum in variety Sindhu i.e. 1.28 and other varieties shows 1.69 in Dudhpeda which is followed by Pairi 1.59, Goa mankur 1.57, Ratna 1.50, Konkan Ruchi 1.49 and cv. Alphonso 1.42

As per the result shown in the table and cost benefit ratio, the Kesar is the most profitable variety and preferred by the farmers due to its higher yield and higher net returns. The cultivation of other varieties is also profitable. However for higher level of pollination and fruit set it is advisable to have different mango varieties in the orchard for maximum production and net returns.

Comparative Economic performance of mango varieties in Sindhudurg District of Konkan region.

Table No. 1

Reference:

Narayan Swami P.Thimmaraju, K.R. & N Sundar 1988, Effect of inner varietal crosses and open pollination on fruit set in certain cultivars of mango, Acta Hort. 231:142-144

Randive A.V.Book, Mango, The King of fruit Published by A.V.Randive

Rao M.R.Rao, S.N. and R.M.Rama, 1984. Studies on flowering sex ratio and self compatibility of important south Indian cultivars and hybrids of mango. India J. Hort. 41 (1-2) 58-61.

Sharma D.K. & R.N Singh 1970. Self incompatibility in mango Hort. Res. 10-108-118

Singh Gajendra 1996, Pollination, Pollination and fruit setting in mango, Acta Hort. 455-116=123.

Singh G (1982). Insect pollination’s of mango and their role in fruit setting. Proceeding second International Symposium on mango pp. 75.

Dist.Superintendent Officer, Report March 1999.