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A senior official said, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) has organized a five-day training workshop for 12 women members of dairy cooperative of Afghanistan at Anand near.
Read MoreIndian billionaire Ravi Jaipuria, PepsiCo's largest bottler in South Asia, is looking to enter the country's highly unorganised Rs 3 lakh crore dairy market by extending his Creambell ice cream brand.
Read MoreThe dairy sector in the India has shown remarkable development in the past decade and India has now become one of the largest producers of milk and value-added milk products in the world. The dairy sector has developed through co-operatives in many parts of the State. During 1997-98, the State had 60 milk processing plants with an aggregate processing capacity of 5.8 million litres per day. In addition to these processing plants, 123 Government and 33 co-operatives milk chilling centres operate in the State.
With the increase in milk production. Maharashtra now regularly exports milk to neighbouring states. It has also intiated a free school feeding scheme, benefiting more than three million school children from over 19,000 schools all over the State.
Dairy is a place where handling of milk and milk products is done and technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
more infoMore than 2,445 million people economically active in agriculture in the world, probably 2/3 or even more ¾ of them are wholly or partly dependent on livestock farming. India is endowed with rich flora & Fauna & continues to be vital avenue for employment and income generation, especially in rural areas. India, which has 66% of economically active population, engaged in agriculture, derives 31% of Gross Domestic Product GDP from agriculture. The share of livestock product is estimated at 21% of total agricultural sector.
Contribution of live
stock sector to gross domestic product
(Percentage contribution)
| 1950-51 | 1990-91 |
| 63.5 | 67.0 |
| 12.0 | 16.0 |
| 4.1 | 3.1 |
| 1.3 | 0.3 |
| 16.5 | 10.0 |
Live stock populations:
Number of animals (in thousand)
(Source: production yearbook 1995 /FAO statistics division)
| Sheeps | Goats | Pigs | Chickens | Cattle |
| 45000 | 119242 | 11780 | 435 | 194655 |
| Buffaloes | Horses | Mules | Camels | |
| 79500 | 990 | 1742 | 1520 |
(Source Indian Dairy man, 50:1998)
| Cattle (millions) |
Buffalo | Total (1996) |
| 196 | 80 | 276 |
0.68% / year 0.75% / year |
||
| World | (1996) | |
| 1320 | 151 | 1471 |
| 0.64% / year | 0.87% / year |
| In India | In World |
| 28 breeds
of cattle 7 breeds of buffalo |
1997
520.6 mt 5.5-0.75% .2020.620 to 650 mt. |
Milk Production
1950 – 17 million tonnes
1996 – 70.8 million tonnes
1997 – 74.3 mT
(Projected) 2020 – 240 mT
Expected to reach- 220 to 250 mT – 2020
India contributes to world milk production rise from 12-15 % & it will increase upto 30-35% (year 2020)
Average milk production / year
| America | 6874 | Kg/ year |
| Denmark | 6223 | Kg/year |
| Holland | 5751 | Kg/year |
| India | 552 | Kg/year |
China: |
1600 kg/lactation |
America |
7200 kg/lactation |
Percapita availability:
Recommanded – 210 gm
India
1950 |
132 gm |
1997 |
214 gm |
2020 |
290 gm |
India contributes 35% of total Asian milk
Dairy Industry profile 1997
Human Population |
953 million (70 million dairy farmers) |
Milk production |
74.3 million tonnes (203.5 million 1 pd) |
Average annual growth rate (1996-2000) |
5.6% |
Per capita milk availability |
214 gm/day or 78 kg/year |
Milch animals |
57 million cows; |
39 million buffaloes |
Milk yield per breedable bovine in milk |
1,250kg |
Cattle feed production (organized sector) |
1.5 million tonnes |
Turnover of veterinary pharmaceuticals |
Rs 550 crores |
Dairy plants throughout |
20 mlpd |
Throughout as percentage of total milk output |
10 |
Value of output of milk group (1994-95) (Based on producers price) |
Rs 50,051 crores |
Value of output of dairy industry (Based on retail price) |
Rs 105,000 crores |
Projected milk production at different rates of annual growth 1995 to 2000
| year | @5% | @5.5% | @6% |
| 1995 | 66.3 | 66.3 | 66.3 |
| 1996 | 69.3 | 70.0 | 70.2 |
| 1997 | 73.1 | 74.0 | 74.4 |
| 1998 | 76.7 | 78.0 | 78.8 |
| 1999 | 80.6 | 82.3 | 83.5 |
| 2000 | 84.6 | 86.8 | 88.5 |
Milk Composition
| Sr. no |
Constituents | Buffalo | Cow | Goat | Liquid skimmed milk |
| 1 | Moisture (gm) | 81.00 | 87.50 | 86.80 | 92.10 |
| 2 | Protein (gm) | 4.30 | 3.20 | 3.30 | 2.50 |
| 3 | Fat (gm) | 6.50 | 4.10 | 4.50 | 0.10 |
| 4 | Minerals (gm) | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.70 |
| 5 | Carbohydrates (gm) | 5.00 | 4.40 | 4.60 | 4.60 |
| 6 | Energy calories (kcal) | 117.00 | 67.00 | 72.00 | 29.00 |
| 7 | Calcium (mg) | 210.00 | 120.00 | 170.00 | 120.00 |
| 8 | Phosphorus (mg) | 130.00 | 90.00 | 120.00 | 90.00 |
| 9 | Iron (mg) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.20 |
Indian Buffaloes: (Dairy business Directory 1996)
Buffaloes are classified into two categories;
1) reverine (depending upon variation in their habitat & genome)
2) swamp
Swamp buffaloes: - 48 chromosomes
South east asian countries
Stocky animals, marshy land habitat
River Buffaloes: - 50 chromosomes
- massive in size and curled horns
- Prefer to enter clear water
World’s Buffalo population:
147 million
about 142 millions in Asia & Pacific
India:
leading most buffalo populated country
78 millions most of reverine
Milk production: About 95% of world buffalo milk (45.3 million tonnes) is produced in Asia &Pacific, while 64.4% is produced in India (FAO.1992)
From 1950 to 1992 milk production in the world increased by 4.26%
The % of total bovines slaughtered;
Total bovine slaughtered (%)
World 17.1 to 17.4% or - 1.6% per annum
India 15% per annum
Asia 6.6%
Increasing trend of buffalo population in most of the Asian countries in Brazil and Italy
BREEDS
Classified on phenotypic & geographic locations;
Cockril (1982) = Buffalo river type; two sub groups;
1. Horns are closed and set close to head & are down swept ;eg. Murrah, Ravi, Mehasana, Jaffarabadi, Sambalpur
2. Horns are sickle shaped and unswept: e.g. Bhadawari, Kalahandi, Kanara, Manda, Nagpuri, Pandharpuri, Surti, Tarai & Toda
Breeds of Buffaloes of Indian Origin and Breeding Tracts:
| Group | Breed | Breeding tract |
| Murrah type |
Murrah Nili Ravi |
Rohtak, Jind,Hisar,
Bhiwari, Sonepat (Hariyam) Ferozepur (Punjab) |
| Gujarat | Surti Jaffarabadi Mehsana |
Kaira and Baroda Kutch, Jungarh & Jamnagar dist Mehsana, sabarkantha, Banaskantha Dist. |
| Uttar pradesh |
Bhadawari Tarai |
Bhadawari estate, Beh Tehsil in Agra, Gwalior & Etawah dist. Tarai region of U.P. |
| Central India | Nagpuri Pandharpuri Kalahandi Sambalpur |
Nagpur, Akola, Amravati dist. South maharashtra, west A.P., north Karnataka Hilly region of Andra Pradesh and Orissa Bilaspur dist. |
| South India | Toda South Kanara |
Nilgiri Hills West coast in Kerela |
Buffaloes found in the north –eastern states and the eastern coastal region of India & in China South east Asian countries e.g. Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Srilanka, Burma, Laos, Kampuchea, Bangladesh etc. have been classified as swamp buffaloes on the basis of their genetic constitution (2n=48) & natural habitat.The breeds includes in these groups are Manda & Palakhemundi.
Production performance
Growth:
The average birth wt.(Indian buffaloes) low 21 kg High 41 kg
Higher in male calves than in females
Average daily gain of 548 gm between 3-6 months
404 gm between birth to 36 months
Body weight at first calving- ranges from
367 kg (Dharwati) to
531 kg (Nili Ravi)
Higher growth rate in reverine breeds than swamp
MILK
PRODUCTION
Production performance of different breeds of Buffaloes:
| Age at 1st
calving (months) |
Lactation. Yield (kg) |
Lactation Length (days) | |||
| Buffalo | Avg. | Range | Avg. | Range | Avg (Range) |
| Murrah | 43.0 | 39.9-54.5 | 1850 | 1476-2515 | 315(267-365) |
| Nili Ravi | 42.0 | 41.4-47.3 | 1765 | 1596-2808 | 2808 (09) |
| Surti | 39.0 | 26.5-45.0 | 1364 | 1304-1693 | 313(300-373) |
| Bhadawari | 46.0 | 44.3-54.2 | 1181 | - | 276 (-) |
| Nagpuri | 48.0 | 44.3-55.6 | 1103 | 926-1175 | 270 (-) |
Reproduction Performance: -
Most of the buffaloes are considered to be seasonal breeds with maximum calving taking
place from July to November in almost all breeds
Buffaloes come in oestrus in cold month and are sub-fertile during hot month
Sub-fertility-> due to poor thermoregulaion in buffaloes and
Poor nutrition -> poor heat symptom-low heat detection (only ligno-cellulosic material
straw /dry roughages)
| Calving interval (days) |
Dry period (days) |
Service period (days) |
|
| Murrah | 454 | 148 | 133 |
| Nili Ravi | 530 | 198 | 211 |
| Surti | 410 | 165 | 103 |
| Bhadawari | 460 | 156 | - |
| Nagpuri | - | - | 98 |
