Farm Machinery- Multipurpose

For effective and quick agricultural operations use of machinery is very important. Mainly use of farm machinery includes carrying the work of deep ploughing, land levelling, caring land, and other operation. For inter cultivation- multipurpose hoe, sugarcane earthing, sugarcane interculturing implement, for sowing there is multicrop planter (Bullock Drawn), and tractor drawn multicrop planter.

Multicrop planter (Tractor Drawn)

It is the drawn by tractor of 35 HP. In this planter there is arrangement of boxes to store the seeds separately. capacity of seed box is 3kg seeds per box. According to crop there is an arrangement of sowing the seeds with the help of plastic plates due to which require number of seeds or quantity is only transferred to the seed bowl.

Characteristic

• Multicrop planter can be used for sowing of groundnut, sunflower, safflower, soyabean, jowar, maize, wheat, gram, red gram, etc.
• With seeds, fertilizer can be applied for 25 to 700 kg per hectare according crop recommendation.
• Spacing between rows according to crop 22.5 cm. 30 cm. or 45 cm. can be maintained. Spacing between plants can be maintained with the help of plastic plates for different crops which is supplemented with the planter.
• This planter can be drawn with the help of 35 HP tractor.
• With this planter 3-3.5 hectare can be sown within 8 hours.
• There is arrangement of changing the depth of fertilizer application and seeds sowing as per the need.

For threshing and harvesting multipurpose machinery are very useful for saving the time and labour and for efficient work. Following are the some multipurpose machinery used for threshing.

Sunflower thresher

This thresher has height of 1 m. having half meter of diameter. It is a pedal operator thresher like a bicycle. By moving the pedal a wheel can be moved and sunflowers hold on this moving wheel then seeds of sunflower easily removed. These seeds and other material collect on a sliding pan by removing the other material outside with the help of fan.

Characteristic

• On this implements at a time four persons can be worked together.
• It is easy to operate and simple implement, it does not require much technical knowledge.
• In a day 3-4 quintal of sunflower can be threshed.
• Weight of this implements is 45 kg and easy for portable.

Groundnut Decorticator

It is very simple and affordable to even small farmers, this decorator has also known as groundnut Sheller. With this per hour 60-70 kg pods can be decorticator. It has average weight about 15 kg and portable.

Wheat thresher

• Olpad thresher

It is very popular in Punjab. In this thresher there is 5-7 corrugated discs are placed on three rods and these rods are join with two parallel steel belts with bearing. Thus 15-20 disc having 45 cm. diameter are placed in such a way that these are not in line. This thresher operated in circular manner and required 8-10 m. space. It can be moved upto complete threshing. When there is homogeneous mixture is form then threshing is complete. Within 16 hours generally 5.5-quintal wheat and 11 quintal husk (Bhusa) is formed.

• Ludhiana thresher

It is mostly use in Punjab and those farmers who own the tractor used Ludhiana thresher. In this thresher only clean grains are filled in the gunny bag. It operates like a dummy type threshing machine. With the help of bucket elevator the threshed grains are filled in the gunny bag. These threshers are available in 90 cm. (36 inch) and 105 cm (42 inch). This thresher is also used for jowar and bajra but it is found best for threshing of wheat.

For getting wheat husk, there is a thresher available having name Syndicate. It is like a power chaff cutter but there is possibility breaking the grains. Per hour 2-2.5 quintal wheat can be threshed.

• Pusa thresher

Pusa thresher is developed by ICAR New Delhi with the name of pusa 20, pusa 30 and pusa 40 which is useful of 20, 30, and 40 acres of wheat area respectively. This thresher having cyclender of 20,30 and 40 inch of length respectively and 17 inch diameter. Threshing is done by corrugate discs. It can be drawn by tractor, power tiller, oil engine or electrical motor. Threshing of wheat is done as the following

• Japanese thresher

It is of two types. In first type bundle of paddy straw should hold at the mouth of thresher and then grains are separated in the thresher. It requires 1-2 HP power and 6 labours and it has capacity of 7-10 acres of paddy to thresh. In second type of there is no need to hold the paddy bundle. It moves automatically in the thresher. It requires 2-3 HP. and 7 labours. It has capacity of 10-12 acres of paddy to thresh.

Pusa Thresher used for paddy is work as the following

• Pedal operated paddy thresher

In this thresher at the centre there is a round drum and at the regular interval there are triangular iron hooks. It is operated by pedal and paddy bundles withhold in hand and placed on a moving drum. There is more number of rotations of main drum gets increased due to gear reduction. Due to light in weight it is portable. This thresher has capacity of 300-600 kg. Per hour. This thresher can be operated on single phase, having 1 HP motor with 1440 RPM.

• Corn roller

In corn roller when cobs are placed in the roller, the grains become separated and busha can be removed with the help of fan and clean grains are collected. It requires 2 labours one for moving the wheel and another for placing the cobs in. With this thresher per hour 55-700 kg grains can be obtained. Also there is a hand operated cob sheller. Hand operated cob sheller is a iron pipe of 6.5 cm. diameter and having length of 6.5 cm. and inside there is corrugated iron belts are placed. When dried cob is placed inside the sheller grains get separated with the corrugated iron belts. At a time only one comb can be decorticated, it is useful for small-scale decorating of corncobs. Generally 200 kg cobs can be decorticated within 8 hours. It is very simple and even farmer or village artisan can be prepared with the available material.